In fields ranging from immunology and ecology to economics and thermodynamics, multi-scale complex systems are ubiquitous. They are also notoriously difficult to model. Conventional approaches take ...

Applying a few simplifying assumptions and constructing a set of ordinary differential equations leads to a model that ...

Training a large artificial intelligence model is expensive, not just in dollars, but in time, energy, and computational ...

Malaria remains a persistent burden, causing millions of cases annually and disproportionately affecting populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Although current ...