Backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) have emerged as a pivotal mathematical tool in the analysis of complex systems across finance, physics and engineering. Their formulation, generally ...

Global weather models form the foundation of much of the available solar irradiance and power forecasting, and are typically sourced from publicly funded weather agencies, including the European ...

Accurate prediction of radiative heating during rocket descent poses a fundamental challenge for reusable launch vehicle design. Traditional methods struggle to balance computational cost with ...