The boundary between the two lies about 465 miles (750 kilometers) beneath the Earth's surface. The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth. It is the familiar landscape on which we live ...

They believe the D" layer may be a unique composition leftover from this colossal impact, potentially holding clues to Earth's formation. The paper is published in the journal National Science Review.

Emerging evidence suggests that plate tectonics, or the recycling of Earth's crust, may have begun much earlier than ...

but according to a new paper in the journal National Science Review, it may have been created when a Mars-sized planet slammed into the Earth billions of years ago. The D'' layer is characterized ...

This model reveals how vastly different the atmosphere was on ancient Earth, and how life may have first emerged.

In 2024, the ozone hole over the Antarctic showed a notable reduction in size, ranking as the seventh smallest since monitoring began post-Montreal Protocol. This improvement is credited to ongoing ...