The immune cell repertoire is composed of many different cell types that are orchestrated in response to infection and other pathogens that enter the body. As a result, the body can defend itself ...

The human small intestine absorbs nutrients while protecting us from potentially harmful microbes. One of the cell types that plays a key role in this protection is the microfold cell (M cell). These ...

In a recent study, researchers at the University of California, San Diego, have provided new insights into the central role of goblet cells—specialized cells that line the gut—in maintaining a healthy ...

Cedars-Sinai Health Sciences University investigators have for the first time created human intestinal organoids that include ...

The immune system is comprised of two separate active arms of immunity to provide robust protection against disease. The two separate systems of immunity include the innate and adaptive immune ...

Crypt-base-columnar cells are continuously dividing intestinal stem cells that generate IECs, which are composed by distinct specialised cell types that play different functions: Enterocytes (in the ...

During gestation, the placenta takes on the roles of many of the fetus’ developing organs and serves as a barrier between parent and child. Critical to this is the outermost layer of the organ, the ...

Teeth function not only because of the hard enamel on the surface, but also because they have roots that anchor them firmly in the jawbone beneath the gums. Eating, speaking, and maintaining the shape ...