Pilus biogenesis in Escherichia coli encompasses an intricate process by which these filamentous organelles are assembled and deployed to mediate adhesion, colonisation, and biofilm formation.

This image of a live Escherichia Coli bacterium reveals the structure of its outer membrane. In the inset image, the dotted lines signify regions of the membrane that lack proteins. UCL/Benn et al.

The positively charged particles still caused stress -- and enhanced Shiga-like toxin production -- in biofilm-bound E. coli. "Biofilms are a very robust bacterial structure and are hard to eradicate.

New research is shaking up how we think about evolution, suggesting there's a level of predictability influenced by genes and genetic history.

About 50 people have fallen ill in the McDonald’s outbreak, and one has died, with ages ranging from 13 to 88.

With genetic tweaks, E. coli turned 92 percent of broken-down plastic into acetaminophen, charting a path to upcycle plastic waste sustainably.